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This study investigated the propensity to pay for modern apparatus processing locust beans in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Utilizing primary data and a multistage sampling strategy, 240 processors were chosen for the study. The collected data were analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics and an inferential statistical instrument, such as Logit and ordinary least square regression analysis. About 72 percent of processors were married and had an average of eight years of experience processing locust legumes. The majority of respondents belonged to a cooperative group (66.7%) and had no access to credit (100%). The average monthly income from processing was N18,000. The majority of respondents (65%) were unwilling to pay for the service of centralized, advanced or contemporary processing equipment. According to the results of the Logit regression analysis, the variables that significantly influence willingness to pay for the service of centralized modern locust bean processing equipment were household income and processing experience (1%), level of education and age (5%), and household size (10%). The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analysis reveals that household size and education level were significant at the 1% level, while age and marital status were significant at the 5% level and processing experience was significant at the 1% level. The study suggests that processors ready to pay should form a formidable cooperative to secure grants or loans to establish a centralized, contemporary locust processing cottage. The government should educate processors on modern food processing and safety at all levels.
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Las sociedades médicas usualmente tienen como misión y visión la mejora de competencias de los asociados y por ello las actividades académicas suelen ser la finalidad más importante. La Sociedad Peruana de Obstetricia y Ginecología (SPOG) lo hace también, pero en el país se ha constituido referente de la salud de la mujer y es parte del grupo asesor del Ministerio de Salud; promueve y defiende políticas públicas en beneficio de la salud sexual y reproductiva, con impulso reciente de la vacunación de las gestantes contra el COVID-19 que permitió reducir las muertes maternas. En el año 2023, la SPOG defiende el derecho de las mujeres a la anticoncepción de emergencia ante el Tribunal Constitucional y del aborto terapéutico ante la Corte Suprema de Justicia. Además, se publica desde el año 1955 la Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia (RPGO) que, con el apoyo de las diferentes directivas de la SPOG, ha logrado recientemente su indexación a Scopus. Al revisar el último Plan Estratégico 2022-2026, la SPOG puede ser considerada una sociedad académica moderna que busca ser autosostenible mediante la ejecución de proyectos con la cooperación externa y de organismos internacionales y con el apoyo de los asociados y una administración moderna transparente y eficiente. Las sociedades médicas actuales y del futuro no solo conducen la actividad académica científica de su especialidad, sino también participan en las políticas públicas de salud del área de su competencia.
Medical societies usually have as their mission and vision the improvement of their members' competencies and therefore academic activities are usually the most important objective. The Sociedad Peruana de Obstetricia y Ginecología (SPOG) is an academic institution, but it has become a reference for women's health and is part of the Advisory Group of the Ministry of Health; it promotes and defends public policies for the benefit of sexual and reproductive health, recently promoting the vaccination of pregnant women against COVID-19 and reducing maternal deaths. In 2023, SPOG defends women's right to emergency contraception before the Constitutional Court and therapeutic abortion before the Supreme Court of Justice. In addition, the Peruvian Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics (RPGO, for its acronym in Spanish) has been published since 1955 and with the support of the different SPOG boards has recently been indexed in Scopus. In reviewing the latest Strategic Plan 2022-2026, SPOG can be considered a modern academic society that seeks to be self-sustainable through the implementation of projects with external cooperation and with the support of the associates and a modern transparent and efficient administration. Current and future medical societies not only conduct the scientific academic activity of their specialty but also participate in public health policies in the area of their competence.
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Objective:To analyze the medication law of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) fumigation and washing to promote postoperative healing of hemorrhoids by data mining technology.Methods:The clinical literature about TCM fumigation and washing to promote postoperative healing of hemorrhoids was retrieved from the databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed from the establishment of the databases to March 10, 2022. The frequency efficacy attributes, core medicinal pairs and core prescriptions of TCM were analyzed by using the Ancient and Modern Medical Records Cloud Platform (V2.3.5).Results:A total of 299 articles were included, involving 200 kinds of Chinese materia medica. The drugs used at high frequency ≥40 were Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, Natrii Sulfas, Galla Chinensis and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and so on. The main efficacy was to clear heat and reduce dampness; cold, warm and slightly cold were the main medicinal properties, and the tastes were mainly bitter, pungent, sweet and sour, and most of the drugs return to the liver meridian, stomach meridian, heart meridian, large intestine meridian and so on. A total of 22 rules were obtained by correlation analysis. Five groups of drugs were obtained by clustering analysis. The core prescription drugs obtained by complex network analysis included Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, Natrii Sulfas, Galla Chinensis, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Taraxaci Herba, Borneolum Syntheticum, Sanguisorbae Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Carthami Flos, Scutellariae Radix, Olibanum, Myrrha, and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. Conclusion:TCM fumigation and washing can promote the postoperative healing of hemorrhoids mainly by clearing heat and reducing dampness and detoxification, as well as promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, restraining sore and generating muscle.
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Objective:To discuss the medication law in prescriptions of Professor Shao Nianfang in the treatment of kidney deficiency and bone marrow loss in senile dementia based on data mining.Methods:Medical cases of kidney deficiency and bone marrow loss in senile dementia in the Geriatric Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 1st Jan. 2014 to 31st Oct, 2019 were collected. Through hospital electronic medical records system prescription statistics, using ancient and modern medical case cloud platform (V1.2.4), medication frequency, property ans taste, efficacy analysis, correlation rule analysis, clustering analysis and complex network analysis were performed.Results:Totally 110 cases were included in medical cases, involving 238 kinds of Chinese materia medica. The top 10 Chinese materia medica with use frequency were Poria, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, Corni Fructus, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus, Rehmanniae Radix, Astragali Radix, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma; the properties were mainly mild, warm slight cold, and cold; the tastes were mainly sweet, bitter, pungent, and light; the meridians were mainly spleen, liver, lung and kidney meridians; the efficacy was clearing dampness and promoting diuresis, clearing heat and promoting blood circulation, calming mind, clearing heat and detoxification, reducing dampness and promote appetizing, tonifying spleen; the association analysis found 15 groups of drug combinations used more than 25 times, they were: Corni Fructus and Poria, Corni Fructus and Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Dioscoreae Rhizoma and Corni Fructus, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata and Corni Fructus, Dioscoreae Rhizoma and Poria, Astragali Radix and Poria, Alismatis Rhizoma and Poria, Moutan Cortex and Poria, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata and Poria, Rehmanniae Radix and Poria, Polygalae Radix and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, Moutan Cortex and Corni Fructus, Moutan Cortex and Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Alismatis Rhizoma and Corni Fructus, Alismatis Rhizoma and Dioscoreae Rhizoma; clustering analysis identified four groups of new prescriptions, the first group: Poria, Rehmanniae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Alismatis Rhizoma, Moutan Cortex, Corni Fructus, Dioscoreae Rhizoma; the second group: Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, Cistanches Herba, Morindae Officinalis Radix; the third group: Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle; the fourth group: Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Codonopsis Radix, Astragali Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix; the results of complex network analysis showed that the core prescription was modified Liuwei Dihuang Pills. Conclusion:This study found that in view of kidney deficiency and bone marrow loss in senile dementia, Professor Shao pays attention to strengthening the healthy qi, and focuses on tonifying deficiency, taking into account the methods of clearing dampness, clearing heat, detoxification, removing blood stasis and restoring consciousness. The four new prescriptions found in the study can provide a reference for modified medication for syndrome differentiation.
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Objective:To explore the rules of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) prescriptions of gastroesophageal reflux disease based on Ancient and Modern Medical Records Cloud Platform.Method:The relevant medical cases from ancient medical case database, modern medical case database, shared medical case database and famous doctors' medical case database in Ancient and Modern Medical Records Cloud Platform (V2.3.8) were selected, and frequency analysis, attribute analysis, association analysis, cluster analysis and complex network analysis were performed on the herbs.Results:A total of 107 medical records were obtained, including 225 TCMs. The core medicines were Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Poria, and Fructus Evodiae. The drug property was mainly cold and warm, and the herbal tastes bitter and pungent. The meridian tropism of drugs mainly manifested in the spleen and stomach meridians. The core herbal pairs were Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae. The core prescription consisted of 17 herbs including Radix Glycyrrhizae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Fructus Evodiae, Poria, Endoconcha Sepiae, Herba Taraxaci, Fructus Aurantii, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Bupleuri, Jiang Banxia, Rhizoma Cyperi, Radix Aucklandiae, Caulis Bambusae In Taenia, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Fructus Amomi, and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae. Conclusions:Chinese medicine treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease is mainly based on Chaihu Shugan Powder, Zuojin Pill, and Wendan Decoction. Moreover, we need to combine with clinical symptoms to add or subtract herbs.
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Objective:To analyze the medication rules in the ancient book Pu Ji Fang for the external treatment of acne based on data mining method. Methods:By screening out the methods of treating acne externally in Pu Ji Fang and establishing a standardized medical record database, this paper adopted the web version of Ancient and Modern Medical Record Cloud Platform to calculate the frequency, properties, flavors, and meridians of those medicines, and conduct cluster analysis by using IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 software to analyze the association rules. Results:A total of 87 prescriptions were selected, including 164 kinds of Chinese materia medica, among which. Radix Angelicae, Ligusticum Wallichii, Rhizoma Typhoni and lead powder are frequently appeared. The properties of those medicines are mainly warm, cold and mild; the flavors of those medicines are mainly spicy, acrid, sweet and bitter, and the meridians mainly belongs to lung, spleen, stomach and liver meridians. The medical pair and group with the strongest associationion are Ligusticum Wallichii- Radix Angelicae and Rhizoma Typhonii- Radix Angelicae- Ligusticum Wallichii. Those freuently appeared medicines could be grouped into three categories. The paste dosage that was frequently appeared has strong correlation with tallow, mercury and lead powder, while the powder dosage that was frequenctly appeared has strong correlation with Angelica Dahurica, Radix Saponicae, Gleditsia sinensis, Radices Ligustici Sinensis and Ligusticum Wallichii. Conclusions:The application of data mining method could preliminarily reveal the medication rules of Pu Ji Fang for the external treatment of acne. The main treatment method is XinSanFaYue. The three categories of Chinese materia medica are used to treat the syndrome of asthenic habitus attacked by exogenous pathogenic factors, exterior attacked by wind heat and hot blood stasis respectively, showing the rules of treating acne externally before Ming Dynasty and providing references for the clinical treatment of acne.
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Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Tang， derived from Synopsis of the Golden Chamber （《金匮要略》， Han dynasty， ZHANG Zhongjing）， is a famous classical prescription commonly used for chest impediment. By means of bibliometrics， the authors collected 63 ancient Chinese medical books related to Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Tang and screened 36 effective books for statistical analysis of the historical origin， composition， main indications， dosage， processing， decocting method and other aspects of the prescription. The findings revealed that Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Tang was composed of five medicinal herbs， namely， Aurantii Fructus Immaturus， Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， and Trichosanthis Fructus， with the function of activating Yang， dissipating mass， dispelling phlegm and lowering Qi. The prescription was mainly used to treat chest impediment， chest fullness， chest pain， wheezing， coughing and shortness of breath caused by suppressed Yang Qi， stagnant heart Qi， stagnant phlegm and stasis， and phlegm evil blocking heart， chest or lungs. Additionally， it was found that there were 70 modern literature recording the clinical applications of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Tang， and the main system diseases treated were circulatory system （51， 72.85%）， endocrine system （4， 5.7%）， respiratory system （9， 12.85%） and digestive system （6， 8.57%）， of which circulatory system is dominated by coronary heart disease （chest impediment in traditional Chinese medicine）. The involved medical syndrome types mainly included internal obstruction of phlegm heat and turbidity， obstruction of phlegm turbidity and stasis， congealing cold， phlegm， stasis and Qi stagnation， chest Yang depression and combined phlegm and stasis. Ancient medical records and modern clinical application are the keys to ensure the safety and effectiveness of famous classical prescriptions and compound preparations. Therefore， this paper sorted and mined ancient medical books of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Tang and statistically analyzed its modern clinical application， aiming to provide a literature reference for the research and development of new drugs and clinical application of the prescription.
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Quantity is the key factor to ensure the safety and effectiveness of medicines. It is very important to study and determine the traditional measuring units and their quantity values of Tibetan medicine. Based on the literature records of Tibetan medicine and combined with modern experimental verification and investigation research, this study determined the reference, name, and conversion rate of traditional measuring units of Tibetan medicine. Meanwhile, through large sample sampling and repeated quantification of refe-rence of basic units, its weight and volume were clarified. The modern SI volume and weight unit values corresponding to the traditional volume and weight units of Tibetan medicine were deduced, and the correctness, reliability, and practicability of these determination results were demonstrated. This study also put forward some specific suggestions and reference values for formulating the standards of measuring units of weight and volume of Tibetan medicine. It is of great significance in guiding the processing, production, and clinical treatment of Tibetan medicine, and promoting the standardization and standardized development of Tibetan medicine.
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Medicine, Tibetan Traditional , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Qilu acupuncture and moxibustion has promoted the formation and development of traditional Chinese medicine, which has a special historical position. By systematically collecting, sorting out and summarizing the characteristic acupuncture methods and academic ideas of several Qilu acupuncturists since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the understanding of the advantages and characteristics of Qilu modern acupuncture methods is deepened, aiming to exploring the inheritance and development pattern of Qilu acupuncture methods in the new era.
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Humans , Acupuncture Therapy , Moxibustion , Acupuncture , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , ChinaABSTRACT
To summarize and analyze the clinical application characteristics of Qugu (CV 2) in ancient and modern literature based on data mining technology. The Chinese Medical Code (the 5th edition) was taken as the retrieval source of ancient literature, while the CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases were taken as the retrieval source of modern literature. The indications of Qugu (CV 2) used alone or with compatible acupoints, compatible acupoints, acupuncture-moxibustion manipulation, etc., were systematically sorted out. As a result, a total of 140 articles of ancient literature were included. The common indications of Qugu (CV 2) used alone were urinary retention, profuse vaginal discharge and hernia. The common indications of Qugu (CV 2) used with compatible acupoints were profuse vaginal discharge, stranguria and hernia. Sixty-four acupoints were concurrently used with Qugu (CV 2), Qugu (CV 2) was mainly compatible with acupoints of conception vessel, bladder meridian and liver meridian, and the high-frequency acupoints included Zhongji (CV 3), Guanyuan (CV 4) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6); five-shu points were the most used special acupoints, and moxibustion therapy was often used. A total of 73 modern articles were included. The common indications of Qugu (CV 2) used alone were urinary retention, erectile dysfunction and chronic prostatitis; the common indications of Qugu (CV 2) used with compatible scupoints were urinary retention, erectile dysfunction and prostatic hyperplasia. Thirty-six acupoints were concurrently used with Qugu (CV 2), Qugu (CV 2) was mainly compatible with acupoints of conception vessel, kidney meridian and spleen meridian, and the high-frequency acupoints included Zhongji (CV 3), Guanyuan (CV 4) and Zusanli (ST 36); front-mu points were the most used special acupoints, and acupuncture therapy was often used. Qugu (CV 2) treats a wide range of diseases in ancient times, the distant treatment effectiveness of acupoints is emphasized; and it mainly treats local diseases in modern times, the nearby treatment effectiveness of acupoints is emphasized.
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Female , Male , Humans , Literature, Modern , Erectile Dysfunction , Urinary Retention , Meridians , Acupuncture Therapy , Acupuncture Points , Moxibustion , Vaginal DischargeABSTRACT
O objetivo central desse trabalho é abordar as relações entre a questão ambiental e a estrutura do sistema-mundo moderno-colonial em sua dinâmica de enfrentamento político sob a ótica do que denominamos de "leitura insurgente" à luz do pensador argentino Enrique Dussel. Para esse fim, o nosso trabalho está organizado em três momentos, onde expomos os desdobramentos históricos, sociais e políticos do sistema-mundo moderno-colonial para a questão ambiental à luz do pensador de Mendoza. No segundo momento, elencamos as relações entre a questão ambiental e as insurgências na AL, indicando que a degradação da natureza é o ponto central para as reflexões insurgentes. No terceiro, como guisa de conclusão, tensionamos as contribuições do filósofo mendocino nos vínculos existentes entre o "encobrimento do outro", insurgência e a lógica de injustiça ambiental
The central objective of this work is to approach the relations between the environmental question and the structure of the modern-colonial world-sys-tem in its dynamics of political confrontation from the perspective of what we call an "insurgent reading" in the light of the Argentine thinker Enrique Dussel. To this end, our work is organized in three moments, where we expose the historical, social, and political unfoldings of the modern-colonial world-system for the environmental issue in the light of the thinker from Mendoza. In the second moment, we list the relations between the environmental question and the insurgencies in LA, indicating that the degradation of nature is the central point for insurgent reflections. In the third, as a conclusion, we stress the contributions of the philosopher from Mendoza on the existing links between the "concealment of the other", insurgency and the logic of environmental injustice
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Environment , Politics , Latin AmericaABSTRACT
Abstract This article examines the relationship between local scientific ideas about the natural world and the economic potential to transform the modern nation-state in Peru during the late nineteenth century. Writings by the Peruvian scientist Luis Carranza indicate how support for a distinctive environmental imaginary of the country's geography made it possible to conceptualize nature as an essential component of Peruvian identity. As a result, local scientists had to "imaginatively" reshape the nature of the Andes for modernization purposes. The social and political ramifications of these ideas in Carranza's work were key to the foundation of scientific institutions such as the Geographical Society of Lima.
Resumen Este artículo examina la relación entre las ideas científicas locales sobre el mundo natural y el potencial económico para transformar el Estado-nación moderno en el Perú a fines del siglo XIX. Los escritos del científico peruano Luis Carranza señalan cómo el apoyo a un imaginario ambiental distintivo de la geografía del país permitió conceptualizar la naturaleza como componente esencial de la identidad peruana. Como resultado, los científicos locales tuvieron que remodelar "imaginativamente" la naturaleza de los Andes con fines de modernización. Las ramificaciones sociales y políticas de estas ideas en la obra de Carranza fueron clave para la fundación de instituciones científicas como la Sociedad Geográfica de Lima.
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Socioeconomic Factors , Andean Ecosystem , Conservation of Natural Resources , Peru , History, 19th CenturyABSTRACT
Innate immunity refers to the mechanisms responsible for the first line of defense against pathogens, cancer cells and toxins. The innate immune system is also responsible for the initial activation of the body's specific immune response (adaptive immunity). Innate immunity was studied and further developed in parallel with adaptive immunity beginning in the first half of the 19th century and has been gaining increasing importance to our understanding of health and disease. In the present overview, we describe the main findings and ideas that contributed to the development of innate immunity as a continually expanding branch of modern immunology. We start with the toxicological studies by Von Haller and Magendie, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, and continue with the discoveries in invertebrate immunity that supported the discovery and characterization of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pattern recognition receptors that led to the development of the pattern recognition and danger theory.
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Background: Overpopulation in a community or a country reflects high fertility desires of its citizens. A country can only progress meaningfully if its resources and amenities can provide for all its citizens. Objectives: To examine the childbearing practices of antenatal attendees at the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, Nigeria and whether there is any suggestion of fertility decline or transition. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of two hundred and fifty-two women who had antenatal care in the hospital during the study period. Data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.85. Data collected were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. Statistical significance was a p-value <0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 30.5 ± 5.9 years. More than half (53.6%) had tertiary education and 39.3% had secondary education. Only 29.4% were housewives/unemployed. The median parity was 2 and 229 women accounted for previous deliveries of 596 babies. The median desired total number of children was 4 (range 1 to 8). More than half (56.3%) did not believe in spacing after the first child. Seventy-six (30.2%) had no knowledge of modern contraceptives. There was a significant relationship (p - 0.018) between child sex preference and number of births. Conclusion: With a current median parity of two children/woman and desired total number of children of a median of four children/woman, the childbearing practices of the population studied may not result in a fertility rate far below the Nigeria national average of 5.3 children per woman. Nevertheless, a study to derive the total fertility rate in the study population is necessary to determine whether or not there is ongoing fertility transition.
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Reproductive Behavior , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
The integration of the great anti-epidemic spirit into the teaching of Outline of Modern Chinese History is an important content of the education and teaching reform of ideological and political courses in medical colleges in the post-epidemic era. The integration of them is helpful for optimizing the discourse system of "Outline" course, strengthening the political function of "Outline" course, and deepening the value guidance of "Outline" course. It is necessary to carefully study the teaching content of the "Outline" course, find out its similarities and integration with the great anti-epidemic spirit, and then, by basing on the main position of the classroom, building a large platform for practice, making good use of new network media and other specific paths, "genetically" embedded the great anti-epidemic spirit, the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Marxist standpoint and methods, the remarkable advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and the solid national strength of China into the teaching process, so as to improve the effectiveness of the "Outline" course and cultivate medical talents with firm political stance and noble medical ethics in the new era.
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This paper summarized professor WANG Xinlu's experience in treating metabolic syndrome （MS） based on the “blood turbidity” theory. It is believed that blood turbidity is the key pathological factor for the onset of MS. Blood turbidity accumulates internally， and the zang-fu （脏腑） organs become useless， leading to MS. With long-term blood turbidity， phlegm and stasis are cemented， and the condition is worsened， having changed syndromesfrequently. In clinical practice， the basic treatment method is to clear and dissolve blood turbidity， taking self-prepared Modified Huazhuo Xingxue Decoction （加味化浊行血汤） as the basic formula， and flexibly modifying it according to different stages and manifestations of the disease. Simultaneously， supplementary modern medicines are used to treat abnormal indicators of western medicine.
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The classic formula Wuyaotang is the 49th of the 100 formulas in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions (First Batch) issued by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and is from the Secrets from the Orchid Chamber (《兰室秘藏》) by LI Dongyuan of the Jin Dynasty. It is composed of Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix, Linderae Radix, and Cyperi Rhizoma, and has the effect of moving Qi, regulating meridians, and relieving pain. It is mainly indicated for Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. Based on the ancient books on Wuyaotang, this study systematically reviewed the formula source, composition, dosage, preparation, usage, functions, indications, preparation principle, drug processing, modification, etc. of Wuyaotang with the bibliometrics method, explored its historical evolution, and determined the key information. Statistical analysis of its modern literature shows that there are few studies of the original formula of Wuyaotang, and the clinical studies mainly focus on modified Wuyaotang. It has a wide range of treatment scope and can be used for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, delayed menstrual cycle, hypomenorrhea, and menstrual fever, as well as ulcerative colitis, spleen distortion, sciatica, child intestinal spasm, and other internal, surgical, gynecological, and pediatric diseases. The pathogenesis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is Qi stagnation. Through the analysis and research on ancient books and modern literature recording Wuyaotang, this study is expected to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application, in-depth research, and development of the classic formula Wuyaotang.
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Introduction: Contraception is one of the most successful developmental interventions, unique in women empowerment and population control. Family planning (FP) reinforces the right to determining the number and spacing of children. Hence, we determine the utilization of modern FP methods among urban and rural dwellers. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of reproductive age women in Lafia, Nigeria. Ten primary healthcare centers (PHCs) each were selected from the urban and rural locations over 6 months using multi-staged sampling technique. Questionnaire was administered, and the data were analyzed using SPSS V 23. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Most participants were aged between 20 and 29 years. The prevalence of using modern methods of FP was 17.3%. More than three quarters of urban women are using contraceptives compared with one quarter of rural women. There was a difference between those who ever used measures to delay pregnancy and their locations, P = 0.049. Women in the rural areas use the cycle beads, while those in the urban areas use the injectables. Need for more children was the most common reason for discontinuing FP, others are FP failure, absence of spouse, and fear of side effects. Age of the participants was found to be a good predictor of using modern FP method, P = 0.022. Conclusion: There is low prevalence of modern FP utilization in this study despite knowing where to access the services (PHCs). Three of four urban women are using FP compared with one out of four among rural women. The cycle beads and the injectables were the most common methods. Age is a major determinant of using FP.
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Background: Stabbing with kitchen knife is a common method of homicide in Nigeria; and embalming of decomposing stabbed cadavers has been a challenge for morticians in Nigeria, because of the impairment of embalming fluid through the damaged arteries. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of an embalming mixture containing formalin, methanol and water on stabbed early decomposing carcasses using porcine analogues. Methods: Two infant pigs were used for this study. Animals were sacrificed and allowed to reach the early stage of decomposition before embalming. Cervical arterial and hypodermic embalming techniques were employed. Post-embalming changes were observed and scored. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the outcome of embalmment and the embalming mixture. Results: There was a statistically significant moderate positive correlation (r = .576, n = 42, p = .001) between outcome of embalming, and duration of embalming; a statistically significant strong negative correlation (r = -.623, n = 42, p = .001) with volume of embalming fluid; and a statistically significant moderate negative correlation (r = -.528, n = 42, p = .001) with room temperature. There was a statistically insignificant very weak positive correlation (r = .186, n = 42, p = .239) between outcome of embalming and humidity; and a statistically insignificant very weak negative correlation (r = -.141, n = 42, p = .375) with atmospheric temperature. Conclusions: This study validated the embalming methodology and fluid suitable for arresting early decomposition process of stabbed infant carcasses in Nigeria. More so, an embalming mixture containing formalin, methanol and water in equal proportion is suitable for arresting early decomposition of stabbed cadavers.
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A fundamentally new direction in the theory and practice of quantum nonlinear phenomena in non-ideal and very close to non-degenerate plasma has been developed, for the first time the existence of a new state of matter-imperfect plasma-quantum plasma condensate, combining the properties of ordinary liquid and ionized plasma, has been theoretically predicted and confirmed. The quantum non-ideality of non-degenerate plasma and the exchange interaction of electrons in it, leading to effective energy release in the plasma process under study, were investigated. The directions of use of this energy have been determined: for heating, lighting, conversion by means of photocells or MHD-movements into electrical, for obtaining energy in the ultraviolet range. Particular attention in the work is paid to one of the most popular applications of quantum non-ideal plasma - for heating, at which its plasma combustion occurs, and the generation of electrical energy based on the use of a quantum plasma-MHD generator with plasma delamination. Detection of this kind of phase state of non-ideal non-degenerate plasma and its use in engineering and technology will create a fundamentally new effective energy system corresponding to the Sixth Technological Order on a global scale. This source of energy is the only environmentally friendly, not destroying or polluting our planet, and its use cleanses our ecosphere. The paper shows that the use of existing energy undermines people's health, reduces their immunity and resistance to coronaviruses. Measures have been proposed to end coronavirus pandemics on Earth. Information is provided on the technical capabilities of the proposed fundamentally new structures - Universal Modules of Industrial Disintegrators / Activators, which allow to implement grandiose, payback state projects on the basis of the developed nanotechnologies, representing the work of tens of millions of people